Kitchen Counters: Concrete, the Nearly Indestructible Option
Infinitely customizable and with an amazingly long life span, concrete countertops are an excellent option for any kitchen
I co-own departure: architecture planning interiors in Portland, Oregon, where I design both new residences and remodels. With a focus on forward-thinking sustainable designs, my preferred palette includes natural materials, simplicity, and playful contrasts.
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Concrete, the humble material behind many a building foundation, makes for nearly indestructible kitchen counters and offers artisan-crafted customization in both color and layout. With these bragging rights, concrete rises above much of the countertop competition. Learn more below and see whether concrete counters are right for your kitchen.
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| The basics: Concrete is composed of water, a binder and a filler.
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| Advantages: Concrete's durability is unquestionable. And options beyond the industrial aesthetic are easy with shapes and additives like stains, pigments, aggregates and coatings. Architects and designers favor this material's ability to unite with other concrete elements in the home, like floors. And because the counters are handmade by artisans, you can easily have details such as integral drainboards. Disadvantages: It's not unusual for concrete, especially when cast in place, to develop tiny hairline cracks as a result of curing and settling. The cracks are typically not structural. |
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| Special considerations: Colored concrete can be created by one of three processes:
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| Maintenance: As with most countertops, a mild soap and a cloth are all that should be used for routine cleanup. Be sure to avoid harsh cleansers. The long-term enjoyment of your concrete counter depends on finding the right sealer. Sealers are available in either penetrating or topical:
It's worth understanding that while concrete is nearly indestructible, the sealer is not. The sealer can be compromised by surface cutting, harsh cleansers, hot pans,\ and acidic foods. With care and the use of cutting boards and trivets, you can keep your sealer in good shape, thereby reducing the potential for staining and harboring germs. |
by Steve Hamm
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Sustainability: The cement in concrete is derived from heating limestone, which is a carbon-intensive process that creates gas emissions. However, slag cement, fly ash and silica fume — all industrial waste by-products that are carbon neutral — can replace more than 50 percent of the cement, reducing emissions and improving the concrete's ecofriendliness.
More: Compare kitchen counter materials
More: Compare kitchen counter materials
Ideabook updated on Dec. 10, 2012.
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Also, there is another type of sealer: reactive. This type of sealer penetrates the pores of the slab and chemically reacts with the byproducts of the concrete hydration process, forming a really tight microcrystal structure within the pores and all over the surface. This is the type of sealer I recommend and use for what it is worth
First of all, concrete is not for everybody. It is a very specific material, loved by architects for its honest and almost brutal appearance. It is suitable for some interiors only, and for certain clients only. You have to know, what you like about it, not just the fact that you have seen it on the magazine cover. You should be aware of the way it ages - I would compare it to leather - wears out but elegantly and sublimely. It develops a specific patina with time. And if you think granite might look great in your kitchen too, you should probably go with granite.
Also, even though concrete might might be finished in so many ways and has chameleon-like characteristics,a true artist wouldn't like to make it look like marble or sandstone... they would like it to look like concrete. So if you like to have a flawless uniform surface, choose corian perhaps?
Imagine that getting a concrete counter top is like getting a sports car. Is it comfortable? no. Is it economical? no. Is it indestructible? no. Is it hot? yes;) So the way you would treat your sports car is the way you should treat your concrete counters. Especially the leather seats require some special care;)
And concrete isn't indestructible either. Not the concrete itself really, but the sealers. ( By the way cracks on concrete are very rare in the case on counter tops these days, unless it is intentional.) So you should know that the producers try to develop new sealers, make it stainless and prevent it from scratching, but there is no perfect solution. The best way to protect your beautiful counters is the right maintenance, like waxing it and keeping spills away from it. But if it stains - it is a part of the whole experience!
Yet if practicality is your concern - other materials might be better for you.
And the price? well, it is all usually custom, handmade, and most likely designed by your architect or interior designer. Might be seamless, might be tinted to the perfect color you like, might have an integrated sink... And as previously mentioned, you can have backslash, wall panels or floor made to complete your design.
So think about it, cheaper and more practical options are definitely there.
And if you really love concrete unique and elegant, a bit decadent perhaps or industrial appearance - nothing will stop you:) Or you might consider other, less-problematic for some- applications: fireplace surrounds? bathroom sinks or bathtubs? tiles? furniture?
http://www.cementelegance.com/
We have had zero stains from wine or similar staining foods and no etching from acidic foods like lemon. The only care we need to take is to not cut directly on the surface. But we never did that on granite, either. Why ruin your knives like that. The concrete has a light stain to give it a warmer color and we absolutely love them.
But.... No matter what you see in magazines, no matter what you see on websites, no matter what you see in books, it really does take the right person and right situation for concrete to really work in a home. While we're very good design/builders, sometimes concrete countertops can be very fickle, even for the client who swears that they must have them, that it is their only option, that they love everything they've ever read about them and have seen of them. We've installed them in numerous kitchens, bathrooms, and exterior grilling areas and exterior kitchens. 99% of the people love them for all of the aspects that Aleksandra talks about: for the way it wears, for how it develops a patina, for the way we can shape it and form it like no other material, for how it does develop marks with wear and use, and for how it becomes a symbol of how a family lives and works and plays in their home. Over time, it tells a story of the family, the same way a good home should.
Considering all of these factors, we've recently installed gorgeous black concrete countertops in a kitchen of alder cabinets and alder windows with white ash flooring. It's a gorgeous home, and the countertops are amazing. The clients demanded them, and this is after we shopped together looking at all of the options for countertops; after I warned them of how it ages and its not like granite or marble; after they researched themselves; and after they toured two previous projects where we had installed concrete in bathrooms and kitchens and they were able to see firsthand how they age and wear....and still they loved them and wanted them over all the others. They were 100% sure they wanted them. They wanted the artistic feel, they wanted something homemade, they wanted something that would age and wear over time, they didn't want the sterile granite feel (they hated that), they wante to say someone local made this...and they got all of that and loved it.
Until...it aged and wore over time in a particular spot where they didn't want it to age and wear over time. And then the questions began of why is it doing that there? We don't want it to wear right there, that's too close to the sink and everyone will see it, it doesn't look perfect....etc, etc. It's laughable from outside the conversation because of course they had already seen how concrete ages and changes over time in the other projects - they'd felt it with their own hands - but it was a very real concern for them, and cost us an insane amount of headaches as well as losing a bit of the confidence of a client whom we'd worked incredibly well with for the previous 7 months on a really gorgeous home.
I guess the moral here is that you really have to understand that concrete is a love of the imperfect, like artwork, in that sense. It's going to look gorgeous - if you like that look. It's going to look even better over time - if you like that look. It's going to show that it gets beaten on and abused like a good kitchen countertop should - and you'd better like that look.
We ended up using concrete in the bathroom, kitchen (including backsplashes), and window sills using a cast in mold method and made the large fire place mantle with a cast in place troweled finish. This past summer I built another countertop for the outside counter and a landing on the wood fired oven.
If you have the ability to do these yourself, the cost of making them is not too bad. I figured I had a few thousand into all the surfaces in the pictures including the cost of a new wet grinder with diamond grinding pads. Key for me was to use a known product mix and no skimp on the acrylic additives. Read everything you can before starting and leave the development of the product mix to the pros.
We're design-builders, and we like to push the envelope and explore new things with clients, and usually those clients have found us for that reason. Your builder might be leery of offering a warranty on the countertops because he's (or she's) never worked with them before; it's new to them. And as far as builders go, I think it's safe to say that anything new is generally regarded as a pain in the a**. You very rarely ever hear a builder get to a job site and say "Oh sweet! Something we've never done before and now have to spend tons of hours going through the learning curve! Awesome!" From a builder's perspective (in general, not all builders), they want it simple, they want to use things they already know how to use, they want to know that what they're using is going to work because they've already used it once before and it worked that time, so no worries. I always hear people say "Oh, they're really good builders" and I think, well, they should be, as it's not that hard to paint it white and just order all the parts from a manufacturer if you've already done that same thing a thousand times before. It's muscle memory at that stage.
On the other hand, like I said in that post earlier, concrete is fickle, and it is entirely up to the end-user's opinion as to whether or not it meets the standard they were hoping for. It's not like granite where you can actually pick your slab beforehand. Generally, you can say "blue" or "put glass in it too" or "something like....xxx", but you can't be exact beforehand. And a builder can't see into your mind and know exactly what you are thinking is up to your standard. Like my previous post said, you can see it, touch it, feel it, read about it, talk about it, and then once yours is installed LOVE it....but it will change over time, and during that time you might start to think "Huh...I wish it wasn't doing this, it looked fantastic a month ago." This is what happened on our project, and the homeowners (who were amazing to work with all along) made me sign a contract that if they still didn't like it in a year, I would agree to come in and replace it. Normally, I never ever ever ever would have signed something like this. They chose it, and after months and months of discussing it. But they withheld their final payment on the job until I signed this warranty. So I can understand your builder being leery of a warranty on something like this. Smart fellow. I'm not deterred from using concrete at all because of this - in fact, I still think this was one of the nicest jobs we've ever done - but I will be much much more selective in vetting clients when it comes to concrete.
As far as the countertop shops raising an eyebrow at you, of course they want your sale. The markup on countertops at a countertop shop is insane. It is absolutely ludicrous. And most of the time - at least with the shops around here - there are about 3-to-4 other levels of middlemen involved in getting your countertops to your project. A lot of mouths to feed. So yes, they're going to tell you all kinds of horror stories as scare tactic. And they're all going to start with "I heard....", which in the building industry are two of the worst words in the world. Maybe try to find someone who has them in their house, and they can tell you directly what their experience has been and not just some rumor mill. That's what we always do. People love to talk about their home projects and will tell you everything - good, bad and ugly. And if you can find someone locally making them...what's that saying...Spend a dollar with a local business and 70% of that dollar stays in town; Spend it with a big business and less than 10% of that dollar stays in town....or something like that.
Hope that ramble helps. I still say go for it, and do so with an open mind.
If it has little holes in it, it's not that it was done "wrong", it's just that it might have been done a little differently. Since we're talking concrete, and it's a malleable material that is made by hand, every single one is different even if they come from the same batch out of the concrete mixer. They get mixed in the cement mixer, poured, vibrated, trowelled, etc, etc...and all by hand, and every hand is going to do it a different way. If you're getting little pinholes in it, that means it wasn't vibrated as much as one without pinholes. The little pinholes are miniscule air pockets that are rising to the top of the counter. Remember, concrete is made from water, so it's a living thing...even after it has "cured". And water in concrete has an upwards capillary-action movement where it can defy gravity and rise as high as something like 14 stories. It's been studied by building scientists. When you vibrate a countertop pour, you're getting all the air out. That's they point of the vibration. It's the same as a foundation for a home, just smaller. Then after that, you trowel the the material a hundred times with a magnesium trowel to help pull the excess water out of there. But even still, water moves for a lifetime. You can't go back and fix the pinholes. They're there. Learn to love the pinholes. Something something something...character and charm, I think.
An unsealed concrete counter is a bad bad idea. You can still fix it though. (No such thing as a mistake in building...just an opportunity to learn something. Everything can be fixed.) You can get a diamond-pad grinder for a hundred dollars at home depot or lowes, and you can actually grind it down a bit (and I mean a tiny tiny bit...you won't even notice) and then seal it a couple times. That would work.
@concrete shop: what do you think could be done re the pinhole situation? I'm curious because it does happen. Could you/would you take a diamond pad to it in order to remove the sealer, and then rub a slurry mix over all of it to fill the pinholes before sealing again? We've never run into this situation, but I'm sure it could/will happen someday.
And agreed 100% about telling anyone it's indestructible. To the contrary, find somebody who consistently warns you about the complexities of concrete, someone who seems to be really making sure that their product is right for you, but also that you are right for their product. It really is a wonderful product, but only for people who want to use that wonderful product. I think you have to be someone who appreciates imperfections not as imperfections but as character and an inherent storytelling. Granite will look the exact same 20 years from now - which some might find boring, others might find comforting. Concrete likely wont look the same 20 months from now - which some might find awesome, others might find it maddening.
For concrete counters there are three basic sealers that are used - a penetrating sealer which does exactly that, it penetrates into the surface to offer a minimal level of protection, a topical sealer that sits on the surface (satin or gloss) and beeswax which is applied over the topical sealer and is a food safe surface. All three sealers are used together in a normal installation.
There was an earlier question about using concrete as a "cooking" surface. A properly sealed surface is food safe and should not be an issue. The surface is not however heat proof due to the sealers used. You still need to protect the surface from hot pans or you risk damaging the finish.
Attached are a couple photos showing possible processes. the mantle is a troweled finish with a semi- troweled slurry over it providing a leathery feel. the bench was my trial piece to test some color combos and prove to myself I was not too crazy yo attempt this myself and the last is another kitchen shot showing the bone on bone pressed finish with the mantle in the background (and the Zebrawood bar tops that I refer to as "our granite", because that is where the expense on normal granite counters was spent).
Backgorund: I am getting ready to remodel my kitchen/family room in the next year. I'd really like to do cocnrete floors - I live in a house with a slab foundation, and from what I've read they can either do an overlay on top of the slab, or polish/stain/dye/score the slab itself. I am considering concrete countertops to match the floor - I would bring the countertops down in a waterfall edge so it's almost like they've organically grown out of the floor.
I have also been considering soapstone, because it seems to be able to handle everything (heat/stains/etc.), it has that lovely honed patina, and you can score a drainboard into it. (Also true of concrete. I don't know why I have an obsession with a drainboards, but I do.)
I'm wondering two things specifically - how each product "lives," so to speak, and the cost points of each. Thanks in advance for any information you can provide....
When deciding if concrete is for you, think of concrete as comparable to any natural stone, in relation to imperfections, irregularities, and how it would react to staining. As long as you take care of it and have good sealers/waxes on the surface of your concrete, it's going to hold up well over time. Food grade sealers or waxes are used on kitchen countertops, so there is a barrier between the concrete and any food it might come into contact with. Make sure you do your research and use a reputable concrete contractor that uses high quality products, for a high quality long term result you'll be happy with. To clean and maintain concrete, we recommend natural non-abrasive cleaners.
Some other things home owners or clients should know about concrete... concrete will have variations and inconsistencies, all characteristic properties of concrete. With concrete we embrace and look forward to variations, in particular concrete floors will develop irregularities, freckles, hairline fractures, spider webbing, and a patina naturally with wear over time. If you choose concrete, be aware that as your concrete ages, it will continuously develop 'beauty marks.'
Our blog and website have tons of information, myths, pros/cons, and other useful material that might help you decide if concrete is for you. Also concretenetwork.com has tons of useful information.
Also, we attached a few pictures of our concrete work, so you can see the potential concrete has. Hope that helps!!
We just started a discussion called 'Q/A Concrete Session - Concrete floor, concrete countertop and concrete fireplace discussion,' at http://www.houzz.com/discussions/271090/Q-A-Concrete-Session---Concrete-floor--concrete
There is a product out called Fireslate and it's a combination of portland cement and fillers.
So it's the look of concrete but less heavy.
While we've not personally used it ( I work for a landscape architect) we've had Architects specify it in projects that Ive seen and its' gorgeous - especially the Light Grey ( it's comes in Dark Grey and Pistachio)
I do have a sample of the Light Grey that we've used as a trivet for years and its' aged beautifully - even the slight stains look great, as people on here have said, like leather aging.
http://www.fireslate.com/pages/faq.cfm
I also do not agree with you that a '…true artist wouldn't like to make it look like something it is not.' Artists the world over throughout history have been taking materials and making them look like something completely different. Take Michaelangelo's David for example. He took a giant slab of rock and made it look like a human being. I believe it was he who said, 'I saw what was in the stone and tried to set it free' (I'm going from memory so that may not be exact). Only through exploration of a materials potentials can we truly understand what it is capable of and being a concrete artisan, I see many many beautiful ways that it is being used daily. Concrete isn't suitable for for a fine finish, but plastic is? Because that is all that Corian is, a composite of acrylic polymer and alumina trihydrate. If you want a pristine surface, a talented concrete artisan can make that out of a natural material instead of plastic. As an architect, you may be interested in checking out the work of Mark West, Director of CAST at the University of Manitoba, particularly this video. He is making concrete look like things other than concrete and I doubt that as an architect you will find it to be anything less than breathtakingly beautiful.
A true artist is a master in their medium. Someone who knows the chemistry behind what is happening, and why. They know tolerances and push their medium to the brink of these tolerances and can use their vast knowledge to create any aesthetic they choose in order to 'set free the beauty that is in the stone.'
But we are talking countertops here, not art. So let's talk more directly about concrete as a countertop material. Concrete can be whatever you dream it to be in the hands of a talented artist. Its in the hands of the unexperienced that it gets a bad reputation for staining, cracking and being a disaster. Is concrete indestructible? No, but then again no other material used for countertops is, yet architects and designers and especially salesmen never seem to mention that if their beloved Corian chips, there will be a noticeable blemish on their otherwise pristine surface, or that marble is one of the most porous surfaces out there. Don't even get me started on recycled paper countertops. Every natural material stains. Corain and quartz and Silestone are not natural materials. They have natural materials as aggregate but are largely comprised of plastic.
Its true, concrete does patina the way you described, and I must thank you that description because I can't imagine anyone reading that it and not wanting concrete. Most likely little pinholes will open up with use and time. Chips can happen, as they can in any surface, but all of these are easily repaired by a talented concrete artist and it will blend in with all the character of the piece. Below you can see some of the ways we are using concrete as a medium.